1. Types of obstacles

Fixed/static obstacles: backpacks, baseball bats, balls, skateboards/scooters, glass jars (different colors such as transparent, green, brown, etc.), glass bottles, pets and livestock, attention tape, cardboard, pipes/nozzles, wheelchairs, canes, crutches, walkers, fences (railings, chains, etc.), power cables from movable power taps (such as SJT cable No. 14 or equivalent soft cables).

Mobile objects/obstacles: Automatic vacuum cleaners (indoor), automatic lawn mowers (outdoor), other robots, objects that can reflect or refract light.

2. Specification of obstacle testing equipment

Adult torso: a cylindrical body with a diameter of 200mm and a length of 600mm, made of black felt or coarse cloth, with a reflectivity controlled between 5% -10%.

Adult calf: a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 70 millimeters and a height of 400 millimeters, made of black felt or coarse cloth, with a reflectivity controlled between 5% -10%.

Child body: ① Child dummy (14.5 kg), with mass distribution referring to Table 2 and dimensions referring to Figure 1, placed in standing and sitting positions; ② Baby dummy (9.4 kg), with mass distribution as shown in Table 3 and dimensions as shown in Figure 2, placed in crawling and lying positions; Both are made of black felt or coarse cloth, with a reflectivity controlled between 5% -10%.

Wall: A board similar to a wall, including pine wood and colorless acrylic board with a light transmittance of over 95%, with a specification of 1.5 meters high and 1 meter wide.

Table: A disc-shaped structure with four legs (wooden legs like pine wood, metal legs like steel), height 0.7-0.8 meters, width 1.5-2.0 meters, depth 0.5-0.8 meters, leg thickness 0.03-0.05 meters, minimum weight 16.6 kilograms.